Klaus F. Zimmermann

After the pandemic is before the next pandemic: A new GLO Discussion Paper navigates through a long-awaited health policy transformation in areas that help to better prepare for the next pandemic.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 848, 2021

The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Transformation of Health Policy: A Syndemic Perspective – Download PDF
by Chen, Xi & Fan, Annie

GLO Fellow Xi Chen

Author Abstract: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is bringing about once-in-a-century changes to human society. Three key properties escalate the COVID-19 pandemic into a syndemic. To address this triple crisis, we discuss the importance of integrating early, targeted and coordinated public health measures with more equitable social policy, and with health care policy that realigns incentives of the major players in the health care market. Drawing on evidence from past and present epidemics as well as comparing variations in response to the current health emergency between China, the U.S. and beyond, we navigate long-awaited health policy transformation in areas that help us better prepare for the next pandemic.

More from the GLO Coronavirus Cluster

GLO Discussion Papers are research and policy papers of the GLO Network which are widely circulated to encourage discussion. Provided in cooperation with EconStor, a service of the ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, GLO Discussion Papers are among others listed in RePEc (see IDEAS, EconPapers). Complete list of all GLO DPs – downloadable for free.

The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.

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A new GLO Discussion Paper finds that while most counties in the U.S. experienced a Baby Boom following the war, the increase in fertility was lower in high-casualty rate counties than in low-casualty rate counties which were positively related to 1950s female employment and household income.

The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 847, 2021

847 World War II, the Baby Boom and Employment: County Level Evidence – Download PDF
by Brodeur, Abel & Kattan, Lamis

GLO Fellow Abel Brodeur & GLO Affiliate Lamis Kattan

Author Abstract: This paper examines the impact of male casualties due to World War II on fertility and female employment in the United States. We rely on the number of casualties at the county-level and use a difference-in-differences strategy. While most counties in the U.S. experienced a Baby Boom following the war, we find that the increase in fertility was lower in high-casualty rate counties than in low-casualty rate counties. Analyzing the channels through which male casualties could have decreased fertility, we provide evidence that county male casualties are positively related to 1950s female employment and household income.

Featured image: Stijn-Swinnen-on-unsplash

GLO Discussion Papers are research and policy papers of the GLO Network which are widely circulated to encourage discussion. Provided in cooperation with EconStor, a service of the ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, GLO Discussion Papers are among others listed in RePEc (see IDEAS,  EconPapers). Complete list of all GLO DPs – downloadable for free.

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A new paper published ONLINE FIRST freely accessible estimates the effects of an increase in free pre-school education in England on child development which were found to be small.

The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.

Quantity and quality of childcare and children’s educational outcomes

by Jo Blanden, Emilia Del Bono, Kirstine Hansen & Birgitta Rabe

Published ONLINE FIRST 2021: Journal of Population Economics
OPEN ACCESS and PDF.

Author Abstract: Policy-makers wanting to support child development can choose to adjust the quantity or quality of publicly funded universal pre-school. To assess the impact of such changes, we estimate the effects of an increase in free pre-school education in England of about 3.5 months at age 3 on children’s school achievement at age 5. We exploit date-of-birth discontinuities that create variation in the length and starting age of free pre-school using administrative school records linked to nursery characteristics. Estimated effects are small overall, but the impact of the additional term is substantially larger in settings with the highest inspection quality rating but not in settings with highly qualified staff. Estimated effects fade out by age 7.

Journal of Population Economics
Access to the recently published Volume 34, Issue 3, July 2021.

LEAD ARTICLE OF ISSUE 3, 2021:
The safest time to fly: pandemic response in the era of Fox News
by Maxim Ananyev, Michael Poyker and Yuan Tian
OPEN ACCESS: Free Readlink – Download PDF

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A new paper published ONLINE FIRST freely accessible argues that, in the presence of idiosyncratic ability shocks after childbirth, irreversible fertility decisions distort the resource allocation between the quantity and quality of children.

The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.

Under- and over-investment in education: the role of locked-in fertility

by Masao Nakagawa, Asuka Oura & Yoshiaki Sugimoto

Published ONLINE FIRST 2021: Journal of Population Economics
OPEN ACCESS and PDF.

Author Abstract: This research argues that, in the presence of idiosyncratic ability shocks after childbirth, irreversible fertility decisions distort the resource allocation between the quantity and quality of children. In underdeveloped environments, where family size is locked into large levels, education investment places a heavy financial burden on households, which deprives some competent children of learning opportunities. In contrast, in more developed environments, family size is locked into smaller levels, which facilitates education investment even for some children with low aptitude. A redistributive policy to mitigate the distortion is proposed for each stage.

Journal of Population Economics
Access to the recently published Volume 34, Issue 3, July 2021.

LEAD ARTICLE OF ISSUE 3, 2021:
The safest time to fly: pandemic response in the era of Fox News
by Maxim Ananyev, Michael Poyker and Yuan Tian
OPEN ACCESS: Free Readlink – Download PDF

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A new GLO Discussion Paper discusses reverse brain drain of white-collar migrant workers returning to live in their countries of origin while continuing to work for employers in their countries of destination as a consequence of working-from home experiences during the Covid-19 period.

The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 845, 2021

COVID-19, Working from Home and the Potential Reverse Brain Drain – Download PDF
by Bakalova, Irina & Berlinschi, Ruxanda & Fidrmuc, Jan & Dzyuba, Yuri

GLO Fellows Ruxanda Berlinschi and Jan Fidrmuc

Author Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a substantial increase in the prevalence of working from home among white-collar occupations. This can have important implications for the future of the workplace and quality of life. We discuss an additional implication, which we label reverse brain drain: the possibility that white-collar migrant workers return to live in their countries of origin while continuing to work for employers in their countries of destination. We estimate the potential size of this reverse flow using data from the European Labor Force Survey. Our estimates suggest that the UK, France, Switzerland and Germany each have around half a million skilled migrants who could perform their jobs from their home countries. Most of them originate from the other EU member states: both old and new. We discuss the potential economic, social and political implications of such reverse brain drain.

More from the GLO Coronavirus Cluster

GLO Discussion Papers are research and policy papers of the GLO Network which are widely circulated to encourage discussion. Provided in cooperation with EconStor, a service of the ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, GLO Discussion Papers are among others listed in RePEc (see IDEAS,  EconPapers). Complete list of all GLO DPs – downloadable for free.

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Left, Michaella Vanore (UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University and GLO), Managing Editor of the Journal of Population Economics (JoPE), and right, Alessio J. Brown (Co-Director of POP at UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University and GLO), former JoPE Managing Editor, both welcomed the participants to the JoPE Issue 2/2021 Webinar, explained the Maastricht hosting institutions and introduced into the event program.

Program of Journal Webinar for Issue 2/2021

The event took place on January 28, 2021 hosted by UNU-MERIT/Maastricht. Full video of the event. All articles are freely accessible through the links provided below; those with a READLINK are free to read online, the others are free to download.

Time	Topic	Session chair/ Presenter
16:00 CET	Welcome	Michaella Vanore, Alessio J. Brown, Klaus F. Zimmermann
16:15-17:00	Session I: Gender issues in Bangladesh, China and developing countries	Terra McKinnish
16:15-16:30	Measuring gender attitudes using list experiments	M. Niaz Asadullah
16:30-16:45	The education gender gap and the demographic transition in developing countries READLINK: https://rdcu.be/cdMql	Thang Dao
16:45-17:00	Education and gender role attitudes READLINK: https://rdcu.be/cehNM	Yun Xiao
17:05-18:00	Session II: COVID-19 in Australia and the USA	Klaus F. Zimmermann
17:05-17:20	Implications of COVID-19 labour market shocks for inequality in financial wellbeing	John P. de New
17:20-17:35	Socio-demographic factors associated with self-protecting behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic	Matthew Zahn
17:35-17:50	The COVID-19 Pandemic and the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election	Abel Brodeur
	Closing remarks	Michaella Vanore

ACCESS TO THE 2/2021 FULL PUBLISHED ISSUE ; Full video of the event.

The Journal of Population Economics organized a webinar on January 28, 16:00-18:00 CET (Maastricht/Dutch time) to present highlights from the newly published issue 34(2)/2021. The event was supported by GLO and hosted by UNU-MERIT via Zoom. Alessio J. Brown (Co-Director of POP at UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University and GLO) welcomed the participants. Managing Editor Michaella Vanore, (UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University and GLO) guided through the event. Editor Terra McKinnish (University of Colorado Boulder and GLO) and Editor-in-Chief Klaus F. Zimmermann (UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University and GLO) chaired the sessions.

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Editor-in-Chief Klaus F. Zimmermann briefly presented the 2020 performance report:

Over 40% rise in submissions, highest impact factor ever, even faster editorial decisions.

Issue Lead Article

Measuring Gender Attitudes Using List Experiments
by M. Niaz Asadullah, Elisabetta De Cao, Fathema Zhura Khatoon, and Zahra Siddique
Journal of Population Economics (2021:2), pp. 367-400.

The issue lead paper studies adolescent girls’ attitudes towards intimate partner violence and child marriage using data from rural Bangladesh. It further investigates how numerous variables relate to preferences for egalitarian gender norms in rural Bangladesh.

Three highly impact blogs are based on this lead article:

• Asadullah, M Niaz et al (2021) “Using Survey Experiments to Measure Gender Attitudes“, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), Global Health Initiative Blog, 15 May 2021.
• Asadullah, M. Niaz , Elisabetta De Cao and Zahra Siddique (2021) “Measuring Gender Attitudes in Developing Countries” GlobalDev Blog, Global Development Network, 8 March 2021.
• Asadullah, M. Niaz et al (2021) “Addressing Hidden Support for Gender Inequalities” GlobalDev Blog, Global Development Network, 15 March 2021.

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Further Workshop Presentations: Gender

Further Workshop Presentations: Covid-19

Happiness in Issue 2/2021

• Is Happiness U-shaped Everywhere? Age and Subjective Well-being in 145 Countries
  by Blanchflower, David G.
  Free Readlink. https://rdcu.be/b7kyO
• Children, Unhappiness and Family Finances
  by Blanchflower, David G. & Clark, Andrew E.
  Free Readlink. https://rdcu.be/b7Z4b

Watch the GLO Virtual Seminar presentation of Danny Blanchflower on Despair, Unhappiness and Age explaining this work. Video of seminar. Report of the event.

More on Gender in Issue 2/2021

• The Sex Ratio and Global Sodomy Law Reform in the Post-WWII era
  by Simon Chang
  Free Readlink. https://rdcu.be/clyvH
• The Education Gender Gap and the Demographic Transition in Developing Countries
  Carole Bonnet, Bertrand Garbinti & Anne Solaz
  Free Readlink. https://rdcu.be/clyvA

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A new GLO Discussion Paper presents a novel theory that immigrants facilitate innovation and entrepreneurship by being willing and able to invest in new skills.

The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 846, 2021

On Immigration and Native Entrepreneurship – Download PDF
by Duleep, Harriet & Jaeger, David A. & McHenry, Peter

GLO Fellow Harriet Orcutt Duleep

Author Abstract: We present a novel theory that immigrants facilitate innovation and entrepreneurship by being willing and able to invest in new skills. Immigrants whose human capital is not immediately transferable to the host country face lower opportunity costs of investing in new skills or methods and will be more exible in their human capital investments than observationally equivalent natives. Areas with large numbers of immigrants may therefore lead to more entrepreneurship and innovation, even among natives. We provide empirical evidence from the United States that is consistent with the theory’s predictions.

GLO Discussion Papers are research and policy papers of the GLO Network which are widely circulated to encourage discussion. Provided in cooperation with EconStor, a service of the ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, GLO Discussion Papers are among others listed in RePEc (see IDEAS,  EconPapers). Complete list of all GLO DPs – downloadable for free.

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A new paper published ONLINE FIRST with free READLINK provides robust evidence for the Netherlands that policies targeted at working mothers with young children generate the largest labor supply responses but generate little additional government revenue. Introducing a flat tax, basic income or joint taxation is not effective.

The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.

Analysing tax-benefit reforms in the Netherlands using structural models and natural experiments

by Henk-Wim de Boer and Egbert L. W. Jongen

Published ONLINE FIRST 2021: Journal of Population Economics
FREE ACCESS: Readlink: https://rdcu.be/cloOs

Author Abstract: We combine the strengths of structural models and natural experiments in an analysis of tax-benefit reforms in the Netherlands. We first estimate structural discrete-choice models for labour supply. Next, we simulate key past reforms and compare the predictions of the structural model with the outcomes of quasi-experimental studies. The structural model predicts the treatment effects well. The structural model then allows us to conduct counterfactual policy analysis. Policies targeted at working mothers with young children generate the largest labour supply responses but generate little additional government revenue. Introducing a flat tax, basic income or joint taxation is not effective.

Journal of Population Economics
Access to the recently published Volume 34, Issue 3, July 2021.

LEAD ARTICLE OF ISSUE 3, 2021:
The safest time to fly: pandemic response in the era of Fox News
by Maxim Ananyev, Michael Poyker and Yuan Tian
OPEN ACCESS: Free Readlink – Download PDF

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