Domestic Violence and Gender Stereotypes: Perceptions, Justifications, and Reactions

A new GLO Discussion Paper finds for Italian women that those with stronger stereotypes are more likely to state that they know a victim of violence but are not more likely to state that violence (physical or psychological) is widespread in their area of residence.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 869, 2021

Domestic Violence and Gender Stereotypes: Perceptions, Justifications, and Reactions Download PDF
by
Barili, Emilia & Grembi, Veronica & Rosso, Anna C.

GLO Fellow Veronica Grembi

Author Abstract: Using a new measure of the strength of gender stereotypes defined at the individual level and based on responses to a survey conducted with more than 4,500 Italian women in July 2020, we show that women with stronger stereotypes are more likely to state that they know a victim of violence but are not more likely to state that violence (physical or psychological) is widespread in their area of residence. They are also more likely to rank behaviours meant to control a victim’s interpersonal contacts and access to financial resources as more serious than physically and sexually violent behaviours and to justify violent acts using distressing, event-specific circumstances (e.g., a period of economic distress) rather than the deep-seated psychological issues of the attackers. Finally, when personal stereotyping is stronger, respondents are more likely to suggest that a hypothetical victim of violence either not react to or deal directly with the partner rather than look for formal help. Using different controls for the impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on the respondents’ personal and economic lives does not affect our main findings.

GLO Discussion Papers are research and policy papers of the GLO Network which are widely circulated to encourage discussion. Provided in cooperation with EconStor, a service of the ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, GLO Discussion Papers are among others listed in RePEc (see IDEAS,  EconPapers)Complete list of all GLO DPs – downloadable for free.

The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.

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Sexual Orientation and Earnings. A Meta-Analysis 2012-2020

The meta-analysis provided in a new GLO Discussion Paper finds that gay men earned less than heterosexual men; lesbian women earned more than heterosexual women, while bisexual men earned less than heterosexual men.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 862, 2021

Sexual Orientation and Earnings. A Meta-Analysis 2012-2020 Download PDF

by Drydakis, Nick

GLO Fellow Nick Drydakis

Forthcoming: Journal of Population Economics.

Author Abstract: This meta-analysis utilizes 24 papers published between 2012-2020 that focus on earnings differences by sexual orientation. The papers cover the period between 1991 and 2018, and countries in Europe, North America and Australia. The meta-analysis indicates that gay men earned less than heterosexual men. Lesbian women earned more than heterosexual women, while bisexual men earned less than heterosexual men. Bisexual women earned less than heterosexual women. According to the meta-analysis, in data sets after 2010, gay men and bisexual men and women continue to experience earnings penalties, while lesbian women continue to experience earnings premiums. Τhe meta-regression estimates indicate relationships between study characteristics and the estimated earnings effects for sexual minorities. For instance, regions, sexual minority data set sizes, and earnings classifications influence the outcomes. The persistence of earnings penalties for gay men and bisexual men and women in the face of anti-discrimination policies represents a cause for concern and indicates the need for comprehensive legislation and workplace guidelines to guarantee that people receive fair pay and not experience any form of workplace inequality simply because of their sexual orientation.

GLO Discussion Papers are research and policy papers of the GLO Network which are widely circulated to encourage discussion. Provided in cooperation with EconStor, a service of the ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, GLO Discussion Papers are among others listed in RePEc (see IDEAS,  EconPapers)Complete list of all GLO DPs – downloadable for free.

The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.

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Communication Barriers and Infant Health: Intergenerational Effects of Randomly Allocating Refugees Across Language Regions

A new GLO Discussion Paper finds for Switzerland that children born to mothers who were exogenously allocated to an environment that matched their linguistic heritage are on average healthier than those that were allocated to an unfamiliar language environment.

Johannes Kunz

GLO Discussion Paper No. 867, 2021

Communication Barriers and Infant Health: Intergenerational Effects of Randomly Allocating Refugees Across Language Regions Download PDF

by Auer, Daniel & Kunz, Johannes S.

GLO Fellow Johannes Kunz

Author Abstract: This paper investigates the intergenerational effect of communication barriers on child health at birth using a natural experiment in Switzerland. We leverage the fact that refugees arriving in Switzerland originate from places that have large shares of French (or Italian) speakers for historical reasons and upon arrival are by law randomly allocated across states that are dominated by different languages but subject to the same jurisdiction. Our findings based on administrative records of all refugee arrivals and birth events between 2010 and 2017 show that children born to mothers who were exogenously allocated to an environment that matched their linguistic heritage are on average 72 gram heavier (or 2.2%) than those that were allocated to an unfamiliar language environment. The differences are driven by growth rather than gestation and manifest in a 2.9 percentage point difference in low birth weight incidence. We find substantial dose-response relationships in terms of language exposure in both, the origin country and the destination region. Moreover, French (Italian) exposed refugees only benefit from French-(Italian-) speaking destinations, but not vice versa. Contrasting the language match with co-ethnic networks, we find that high quality networks are acting as a substitute rather than a complement.

GLO Discussion Papers are research and policy papers of the GLO Network which are widely circulated to encourage discussion. Provided in cooperation with EconStor, a service of the ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, GLO Discussion Papers are among others listed in RePEc (see IDEAS,  EconPapers)Complete list of all GLO DPs – downloadable for free.

The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.

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The impact of University reopenings on COVID-19 cases in Scotland

A new GLO Discussion Paper for Scottish universities finds a substantial and persistent increase in cases in areas containing halls and evidence of persistent spillovers.

Hector Rufrancos

GLO Discussion Paper No. 868, 2021

The impact of University reopenings on COVID-19 cases in Scotland Download PDF
by
Rufrancos, Héctor & Moro, Mirko & Moore, Eva

GLO Fellow Hector Rufrancos


More from the GLO Coronavirus Cluster

Author Abstract: This paper estimates the impact of University reopenings in Scotland in Autumn 2020 on COVID-19 cases in Scottish neighbourhoods. We geolocate all student halls in Scotland, and merge this data with neighbourhood-level case data. We employ a local differences-indifferences strategy and tackle two research questions. First, we ask what was the impact of the start of semester on cases in the student neighbourhoods? Next, we turn our attention to the spillover of cases in the nearby communities to student neighbourhoods. University semester start dates in Scotland are staggered over the month of September, and we deal with this by focusing on each start cluster, as well as implementing the Callaway and Sant’Anna (2020) estimator. We find a substantial and persistent increase in cases in areas containing halls and evidence of persistent spillovers. These effects are linked to the group of Universities that started on 14th September, which include large Universities located in the major urban areas. The cases began to rise on 21st September, with 100 extra cases per 100,000 per day, and peaked a week later with 400 additional cases per 100,000 per day, after which they started declining, but persist until the Autumn tightening of coronavirus restrictions bit in November, two months after the restrictions were enacted. Our results invite a re-think of how close contact activities may safely resume.

GLO Discussion Papers are research and policy papers of the GLO Network which are widely circulated to encourage discussion. Provided in cooperation with EconStor, a service of the ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, GLO Discussion Papers are among others listed in RePEc (see IDEAS,  EconPapers)Complete list of all GLO DPs – downloadable for free.

The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.

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2021-22 GLO Virtual Young Scholars Program (GLO VirtYS). Deadline for Applications: September 6, 2021.

Global Labor Organization (GLO) invites interested young scholars to apply for participation in the 2021-22 GLO Virtual Young Scholars Program (GLO VirtYS). This is the third cohort of the successful GLO venture to support career developments of young researchers. It also provides a unique opportunity to interact with the large and very active GLO global network.

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A Political Economy and Voicing Model of the Institutional Impact of Brain Drain, Human Capital, Inequality and Country Size

A new GLO Discussion Paper studies the brain drain, human capital, and inequality’s institutional impact in a model where a rent-seeking elite taxes residents and voicing affects the likelihood of regime change.

GLO Discussion Paper No. 866, 2021

A Political Economy and Voicing Model of the Institutional Impact of Brain Drain, Human Capital, Inequality and Country Size Download PDF

by Docquier, Frédéric & Schiff, Maurice

GLO Fellows Frederic Docquier & Maurice Schiff

Maurice Schiff

Author Abstract: Brain drain BD, human capital h, and inequality’s institutional impact is examined in a model where a rent-seeking elite taxes residents and voicing affects the likelihood of regime change. We find that BD and h’s impact on institutional quality (Q) are as follows: i) Q is a U-shaped function of BD, with maximum (minimum) at BD = 0 (0 ) BD1, and is maximized at BD = 0; vi) Q increases in a high (low) BD country under a host country’s immigration promotion (restriction); vii) a high BD country’s institutions improve (worsen) under a large (small) reduction in BD; viii) the latter is particularly relevant for small and micro states where BD and Q are likely to be greater than in large but otherwise similar countries.

GLO Discussion Papers are research and policy papers of the GLO Network which are widely circulated to encourage discussion. Provided in cooperation with EconStor, a service of the ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, GLO Discussion Papers are among others listed in RePEc (see IDEAS,  EconPapers)Complete list of all GLO DPs – downloadable for free.

The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.

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Video of the Handbook Session out! 36th EBES Conference, Istanbul/Turkey, July 1-3, 2021. GLO Handbook Session on “Worker Representation, Labor-Management Relations and Labor Standards” chaired by GLO Fellow Uwe Jirjahn.

The 36th EBES Conference in Istanbul took place July 1-3, 2021 in Hybrid Mode. A highlight of the second day was the GLO Handbook Session on “Worker Representation, Labor-Management Relations and Labor Standards” chaired by GLO Fellow Uwe Jirjahn. GLO and EBES are collaborating organizations.

EBES Website Conference Page Conference Program

Uwe Jirjahn


The conference included a GLO Handbook Session on “Worker Representation, Labor-Management Relations and Labor Standards” organized and chaired by Uwe Jirjahn (University of Trier and GLO), who is a Section Editor of the Handbook. The event took place on July 2, 3.50-5.50 pm, Istanbul time.

VIDEO OF THE HANDBOOK SESSION

GLO Handbook Session: Worker Representation, Labor-Management Relations and Labor Standards

“Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics” edited by Klaus F. Zimmermann.

July 2, 2021. 3.50-5.50 pm local time Istanbul

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is Jirjahn-Uwe-EBES-210702-Friday-Handbook-Session-020-555x270-1.jpg

Chair: Uwe Jirjahn (University of Trier and GLO)

  • Decent Work and the Quality of Work and Employment
    Francis Green (University College London and GLO)
  • Union Membership and Collective Bargaining: Trends and Determinants
    Claus Schnabel (Universität Erlangen Nürnberg)
  • Unions, Worker Participation and Worker Well-Being
    Benjamin Artz (University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh and GLO) and John S. Heywood (University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and GLO)
  • Worker Voice and Political Participation in Civil Society
    John Budd (University of Minnesota and GLO) and Ryan Lamare (University of Illinois and GLO)
  • Works Councils
    Jens Mohrenweiser (Bournemouth University)
  • Board-Level Worker Representation
    Aleksandra Gregoric (Copenhagen Business School)

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36th EBES Conference, Istanbul/Turkey, July 1-3, 2021. Highlights of Day 1. EBES Fellow Award to Barry Eichengreen.

The 36th EBES Conference in Istanbul took place July 1-3, 2021 in Hybrid Mode. Highlights of the first day included a session of journal editors on journal publishing and the presentation of the EBES Fellow Award to Barry Eichengreen who delivered his Fellow Speech on “Financial Regulation for the Platform Economy”. The sessions were chaired by EBES & GLO President Klaus F. Zimmermann. GLO and EBES are collaborating organizations.

EBES WebsiteConference PageConference Program

Just announced IF Impact Factors for 2020 by Clarivate Web of Science:
Journal of Population Economics: 2.813
Finance Research Letters: 5.596
Journal of International Financial Markets Institutions and Money: 4.211
Emerging Markets Review: 4.073
Eurasian Business Review: 3.500

EBES Fellow Speech: “Financial Regulation for the Platform Economy”

Barry Eichengreen is the George C. Pardee and Helen N. Pardee Professor of Economics and Professor of Political Science at the University of California, Berkeley, where he has taught since 1987. He is a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and Research Fellow of the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR). He worked as Senior Policy Advisor at the IMF. He is a regular monthly columnist for Project Syndicate. He has held Guggenheim and Fulbright Fellowships and has been a fellow of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (Palo Alto) and the Institute for Advanced Study (Berlin).

His larger number of books include recently
In Defense of Public Debt (with Asmaa El-Ganainy, Rui Esteves and Kris Mitchener), Oxford University Press, 2021
How to Achieve Inclusive Growth (edited with Valerie Serra, Asmaa El-Ganainy and Martin Schindler), Oxford University Press, 2021
The Populist Temptation: Economic Grievance and Political Reaction in the Modern Era (2018),
How Global Currencies Work: Past, Present, and Future, with Livia Chitu and Arnaud Mehl, (2017)
The Korean Economy: From a Miraculous Past to a Sustainable Future (Harvard East Asian Monographs) with Wonhyuk Lim, Yung Chul Park and Dwight H. Perkins, (2015)
Renminbi Internationalization: Achievements, Prospects, and Challenges, co-edited with Masahiro Kawai, (2015)
Hall of Mirrors: The Great Depression, The Great Recession, and the Uses-and Misuses-of History, (2015)

He was awarded the Economic History Association’s Jonathan R.T. Hughes Prize for Excellence in Teaching in 2002 and the University of California at Berkeley Social Science Division’s Distinguished Teaching Award in 2004. He is also the recipient of a doctor honoris causa from the American University in Paris. He is ranked as one of the top economists by IDEAS: 6th (number of works), 22 (average rank score) etc. •His research interests are: exchange rates and capital flows; the gold standard and the Great Depression; the European economy; European integration; the impact of China on the international economic and financial system; IMF policy. His research was published in top journals such as Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Review, Economic Journal, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,Economic Policy, and Journal of International Economics.

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The Effects of COVID-19 on Employment, Labour Markets and Gender Equality in Central America

A new GLO Discussion Paper based on data collected by the World Bank suggests that a significant proportion of surviving firms in Central America are vulnerable to permanent closure.

Francesco Pastore

GLO Discussion Paper No. 865, 2021

The Effects of COVID-19 on Employment, Labour Markets and Gender Equality in Central America Download PDF
by
Webster, Allan & Khorana, Sangeeta & Pastore, Francesco

GLO Fellows Allan Webster, Sangeeta Khorana & Francesco Pastore

More from the GLO Coronavirus Cluster

Author Abstract: This study considers the economic impact of Covid-19 on enterprises in four Central American countries – El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. At the time of the analysis neither the pandemic nor its economic consequences had fully run their course. It is not, therefore, a definitive analysis but it is important to try to draw important lessons as soon as possible. The main focus of the study was the initial impact on labour markets. The analysis was based on World Bank enterprise surveys§ undertaken before the outbreak of Covid-19 and follow-up surveys on the effects of the pandemic, also undertaken by the World Bank. These were combined with data on government containment measures and on morbidity and mortality rates.

The use of enterprise data to analyse labour market issues has some limitations but also many strengths. The data is useful for analysing the consequences for gender equality in employment. Since the demand for labour is a derived demand firm level data provides a clear link to labour market effects. The pandemic has caused a significant loss in sales for many firms, This creates a loss of liquidity which, in turn, has caused some firms to reduce employment, working hours and wages. Government containment measures necessary to save lives such as temporary workplace closures have added to the burden for both firms and employees.

The study starts by using the surveys to identify the important stylised facts. Although some issues are already well documented anecdotally through media reports this provides a more evidence based approach. It also helps identify several issues, such as the impact on gender equality which have received less journalistic attention. The study is further supported by a regression analysis (OLS and SURE) of several key outcomes (changes in sales, employment, the share of females in employment and firm expectations of survival). A limitation of such analysis with any enterprise level is heterogeneity and, in consequence, a risk of sample selection bias. To provide robustness checks we use a matching approach.

The results suggest that a significant proportion of surviving firms are vulnerable to permanent closure. The ability of firms to retain labour depends on sales which are affected by both the pandemic itself and the government containment measures. Only a small proportion of firms have received government support and there is evidence that it could help both firm survival and the retention of labour. There is some doubt whether the four countries have the institutional capacity to provide effective support. If such doubts prove well founded then support may need to be externally driven.

GLO Discussion Papers are research and policy papers of the GLO Network which are widely circulated to encourage discussion. Provided in cooperation with EconStor, a service of the ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, GLO Discussion Papers are among others listed in RePEc (see IDEAS,  EconPapers)Complete list of all GLO DPs – downloadable for free.

The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.

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An Ex-Ante Assessment on Poverty and Cash Transfer Benefits in Viet Nam under the Covid-19 Pandemic

A new GLO Discussion Paper on Vietnam suggests that COVID-19 leads to a substantial reduction in household’s per-capita income and to additional 1.7 million poor people.

Cuong Nguyen

GLO Discussion Paper No. 864, 2021

An Ex-Ante Assessment on Poverty and Cash Transfer Benefits in Viet Nam under the Covid-19 Pandemic Download PDF
by
Giang, Long Thanh & Kikkawa, Aiko & Nguyen, Cuong Viet

GLO Fellow Cuong Nguyen

More from the GLO Coronavirus Cluster

Author Abstract: Using household data from the Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey (VHLSS) and the sector-specific growth and remittance inflow projections by Asian Development Bank (ADB), this study first estimated the COVID-19 pandemic on income and poverty status of the Vietnamese households, and then simulated the impact of cash transfer programs by the government of Vietnam on the income and poverty status of households. Our simulations suggest that COVID-19 leads to substantial reduction in household’s per-capita income, and results in additional 1.7 million poor people. The cash transfers would be pro-poor and helps bring about 1.2 million people out of poverty. The transfers would be particularly pro-poor for ethnic minority and rural persons and those working in severely affected economic sectors. Based on the findings, we discussed various policies to implement appropriate measures to help households cope with adverse economic impact of COVID-19.

GLO Discussion Papers are research and policy papers of the GLO Network which are widely circulated to encourage discussion. Provided in cooperation with EconStor, a service of the ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, GLO Discussion Papers are among others listed in RePEc (see IDEAS,  EconPapers)Complete list of all GLO DPs – downloadable for free.

The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.

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